From fb996fb149c5ea47b59a7460242bc938320fa8ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: cassandramccli Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2025 03:34:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add 'Fully Integrated Wearable Impedance Cytometry Platform on Flexible Circuit Board With Online Smartphone Readout' --- ...xible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md diff --git a/Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md b/Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b0a1ee --- /dev/null +++ b/Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
The system diagram is displayed in Fig. 1. We use our customized-constructed analog architecture23, designed to detect extremely delicate impedance changes in a microfluidic channel with low-end hardware. Custom-constructed analog architecture for impedance cytometry with off-the shelf hardware23. System block diagram of cytometer-readout structure. To carry out traditional LIA, a voltage at a excessive reference frequency is modulated with the microfluidic channel impedance, producing a present sign. The biosensor [BloodVitals wearable](https://wiki.lovettcreations.org/index.php/How_Glucose_Blood_Meters_Are_Revolutionizing_Health_Monitoring) used on this work depends on an electric area generated between two electrodes within a microfluidic channel, with the baseline impedance representing phosphate buffered resolution (PBS), and variable impedance ensuing from particle movement by the electric subject. A trans-impedance amplifier then amplifies the enter present signal and outputs a voltage signal, which is then mixed with the original reference voltage. Finally, a low-move filter isolates the low-frequency part of the product, which is a low-noise sign proportional to the channel impedance amplitude at the reference frequency22.
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As our channel impedance additionally varies with time, we designed the low-go filter cutoff frequency to be larger than the inverse of the transit time of the microfluidic particle, or the time it takes for the particle to transverse the sector between electrodes. After performing traditional LIA on our biosensor, there remains a DC offset inside the filtered signal which is in addition to our time-varying sign of interest. The DC offset limits the achieve that may be applied to the signal before clipping occurs, and in23, we describe the novel use of a DC-blocking stage to subtract the offset and apply a post-subtraction high-achieve amplification stage. The result is a highly delicate structure, which may be carried out with a small footprint and off-the-shelf parts. For an in-depth evaluation on the structure, together with the noise analysis and simulation, we refer to the unique work23. An essential observe is that the DC-blocking stage causes the positive voltage peak to be adopted by a detrimental voltage peak with the same built-in vitality, giving the novel structure a uniquely formed peak signature.
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Because the analog sign has been amplified over a number of orders of magnitude, a low-end ADC in a microcontroller chip can pattern the data. The microcontroller interfaces with a Bluetooth module paired with a custom developed smartphone application. The applying is used to provoke information sampling, and [BloodVitals wearable](https://support.ourarchives.online/index.php?title=Here_Copy_This_Idea_On_Blood_Oxygen) for knowledge processing, readout and evaluation. We have applied the architecture as a seamless and [BloodVitals wearable](https://community.weshareabundance.com/groups/exploring-the-benefits-of-bloodvitals-spo2-a-comprehensive-study-report-1308852750/) microfluidic platform by designing a versatile circuit on a polyimide substrate within the type of a wristband (manufactured by FlexPCB, Santa Ana, CA, USA) as shown in Fig. 2. All parts, such as the batteries, microcontroller, Bluetooth module, and biochip are unified onto one board. The flexible circuit is a two-layer polyimide board with copper traces totaling an space of 8 in². Surface-mount-packaged parts were selected to compact the general footprint and [BloodVitals wearable](https://creamos.online/best-new-studio-headphones-the-ultimate-musician-guide/) cut back noise. Lightweight coin cell lithium ion polymer (LIPO) batteries and regulator chips (LT1763 and LT1964 from Linear Technology) were used to supply ±5 V rails.
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A 1 MHz AC crystal oscillator (SG-210 from EPSON), D flip-flop (74LS74D from Texas Instruments) for frequency division, and passive LC tank was used to generate the 500-kHz sine wave 2 Volt Peak-to-Peak (Vp-p) signal, which is excited via the biosensor. The glass wafer performing as the substrate for [BloodVitals insights](https://git.9ig.com/rosarioedmond0) the biosensor was cut across the PDMS slab with a diamond scribe to attenuate the dimensions and was hooked up to the board via micro-hook-tape and [monitor oxygen saturation](https://community.weshareabundance.com/groups/revolutionizing-home-health-monitoring-with-bloodvitals-spo2-1593477771/) micro-loop-tape strips. The electrodes of the sensor interfaced with the board by way of leaping wires which had been first soldered to the circuit’s terminals after which bonded to the sensor’s terminals with conductive epoxy. Removal of the PDMS sensor involves de-soldering the jumping wires from the circuit board, separation of the micro-hook strip adhered to PDMS sensor from the underlying micro-loop strip adhered to the board, and vice versa for the addition of one other sensor. A DC-blocking capacitor was added prior to the biosensor to forestall low-frequency power surges from damaging the biosensor whereas the circuit was being switched on or off.
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The trans-impedance stage following the biosensor was applied with a low-noise operational amplifier (TL071CP from Texas Instruments) and [BloodVitals wearable](https://americatheobliged.com/index.php?title=User:SharronDemko115) a potentiometer within the feedback path for adjustable gain from 0.04 to 0.44. Mixing was achieved with a multiplier (AD835 from Analog Devices). To isolate the component of curiosity from the product of the mixing stage, a third order Butterworth low-pass filter with a a hundred Hz cutoff frequency and 60 dB roll off per decade was designed with one other TL071CP op-amp23. A DC-blocking capacitor was used for the DC-blocking stage. The last stage of the analog design, the excessive gain stage, was achieved with two extra TL071CP amplifiers. An ATtiny eighty five 8-bit microcontroller from Atmel pushed by an external sixteen MHz on-board crystal was used to sample information. The HM-10 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module was used for information transmission to the smartphone, with the module and the breakout circuit built-in on-board. The method used to microfabricate our PDMS microfluidic channel for impedance cytometry is a standard one and has been beforehand reported27.
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